修枝间伐对松突圆蚧抑制作用的研究

严重危害广东省沿海地区马尾松的松突圆蚧(Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi),自1982年在深圳、珠海等地发现后，至今危害面积约43万ha，其中枯萎或涉死的约8万ha。     

山桂花人工林林木材性与生长特性关系研究

对山桂花人工林林木木材基本密度和纤维长度径向变异的研究表明 ,山桂花人工林林木的木材材积加权平均基本密度为 0 4 82 6g/cm3 ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材基本密度 (0 5 30 0g/cm3 ) ;山桂花人工林林木木材纤维长度为 1182 4～ 15 96 4 μm ,材积加权平均值为 1375 4 5 μm ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材纤维长度 (12 0 0～ 2 2 5 0 μm)。通过研究还得出了基本密度 (BD)、纤维长度 (FL)与生长轮 (年龄CA)和生长轮宽度(RW)。数学模型为FL =12 6 9 86 4 1+2 7 0 2 0 7CA - 5 4 4 4 3RW ;BD =0 4 782 - 0 0 0 2 4CA +0 0 0 2 9RW ,以此分析了木材性质与树木生长特性之间的关系 ,为速生用材林的培育提供依据。     

西双版纳西南桦、山桂花人工林水源涵养效能研究

利用蘸水法分析了在西双版纳普文山地营造的西南桦、山桂花人工纯林的乔、灌、草、枯落物等 4个层次的最大持水能力 ,以及测定了这两种人工林土壤的蓄水能力 ,得出西南桦全林最大持水量为 6 2 93mm ,山桂花林为 6 7 94mm。于此对西双版纳种植的西南桦、山桂花人工林在水源涵养功能和作用上有所了解。     

白龙江林区云杉病虫害调查及防治措施

对白龙江林区云杉人工示范林进行病虫害监测调查,结果表明：每hm2云杉人工示范林样地内有3种常见的有害生物危害,即云杉落针病、云杉叶锈病和杉针黄叶甲,感病指数分布为3级、1级和3级。通过化学和烟剂防治手段,病虫害蔓延得到有效控制,为白龙江林区森林提供相关技术参考。     

Comparison of various extraction methods for policosanol from rice bran wax and establishment of chromatographic fingerprint of policosanol

A capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of policosanol components extracted from rice bran wax. A Varian CP-sil 8 CB column was employed, and an oven temperature was programmed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the composition of policosanol. Quantitative analysis was carried out by means of hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) with dinonyl phthalate (DNP) as internal standard. The results indicated that the extract obtained by dry saponification has the highest contents of octacosanol and triacontanol among extracts by all used extraction methods including dry saponification, saponification in alcohol, saponification in water (neutralized and non-neutralized), and transesterification. Meanwhile, the GC-MS fingerprint of policosanol extracted by dry saponification has been established. Euclidean distance similarity calculation showed remarkable consistency of compositions and contents among 12 batches of policosanol from a rice bran wax variety. This protocol provided a rapid and feasible method for quality control of policosanol products.     

Ten-year comparison of the influence of organic and conventional crop management practices on the content of flavonoids in tomatoes

Understanding how environment, crop management, and other factors, particularly soil fertility, influence the composition and quality of food crops is necessary for the production of high-quality nutritious foods. The flavonoid aglycones quercetin and kaempferol were measured in dried tomato samples (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Halley 3155) that had been archived over the period from 1994 to 2004 from the Long-Term Research on Agricultural Systems project (LTRAS) at the University of California-Davis, which began in 1993. Conventional and organic processing tomato production systems are part of the set of systems compared at LTRAS. Comparisons of analyses of archived samples from conventional and organic production systems demonstrated statistically higher levels (P < 0.05) of quercetin and kaempferol aglycones in organic tomatoes. Ten-year mean levels of quercetin and kaempferol in organic tomatoes [115.5 and 63.3 mg g(-1) of dry matter (DM)] were 79 and 97% higher than those in conventional tomatoes (64.6 and 32.06 mg g(-1) of DM), respectively. The levels of flavonoids increased over time in samples from organic treatments, whereas the levels of flavonoids did not vary significantly in conventional treatments. This increase corresponds not only with increasing amounts of soil organic matter accumulating in organic plots but also with reduced manure application rates once soils in the organic systems had reached equilibrium levels of organic matter. Well-quantified changes in tomato nutrients over years in organic farming systems have not been reported previously.     

Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxidative burst in polymorphonuclear neutrophils by caffeic acid and hispidin derivatives isolated from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.)

Several antioxidant compounds have been previously identified from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.) by DPPH bleaching and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analyses. Among the isolates, 7-O-caffeoylhydroxymaltol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and hispidin 4-O-beta- D-glucopyranoside [6-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-2-pyrone] were two new compounds. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible effect of the aqueous extract of sword brake fern (SBF) and these two compounds in preventing atherosclerosis. The results demonstrated that SBF and these two compounds strongly inhibited Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBARS), conjugated diene production, and relative electrophoretic mobility. The commercial antioxidant dl-alpha-tocopherol showed lower antioxidant activity than these two compounds at the same molecular concentration. SBF and these two compounds also suppressed N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). These findings indicate that sword brake fern may prevent atherosclerosis via inhibition of both LDL oxidation and ROS production.     

硅对燕麦幼苗秆锈病抗病能力的作用

为探究硅在燕麦抗秆锈病过程中的生理功能,以易感秆锈病的燕麦品种‘ 坝莜1号’为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,分别浇灌含不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 mmol/L)K₂SiO₃的营养液,测定燕麦幼苗秆锈病抗性,叶片光合性能,抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质的含量等指标。结果表明:接种秆锈菌条件下,施用1.5 mmol/L K₂SiO₃可显著提高燕麦幼苗抗秆锈病能力及叶片的光合特性、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力。与0 mmol/L(CK)相比,燕麦幼苗干和鲜重分别提高90.91%和74.71%,叶片叶绿素含量提高18.67%,净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)分别提高51.47%、285.71%、285.71%和27.78%,最大荧光(F_m)、光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和光合性能指数(PI_ABS)分别提高19.62%、7.69%和5.84%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提高35.66%和28.88%,丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸含量分别降低50.00%、27.45%和16.62%。总之,外源施用K₂SiO₃能提高燕麦抗秆锈病的能力,且以1.5 mmol/L为最佳浓度。     

不同熟化垫料替代比例对稻麦轮作下作物产量、土壤肥力及重金属的影响

针对中国化肥施用量较高、大田作物畜禽粪污有机肥施用率低等问题,以稻麦轮作体系为研究对象,在相等的施氮量(稻季300 kg/hm2,麦季225 kg/hm2)条件下,以熟化垫料不同比例替代化肥[不施肥对照(CK)、施化肥(CF)、熟化垫料氮替代1/4氮素化肥氮(1/4DL)、熟化垫料氮替代1/2氮素化肥氮(1/2DL)、熟化垫料氮替代3/4氮素化肥氮(3/4DL)以及熟化垫料氮全量替代氮素化肥氮],研究了在相等施氮量条件下熟化垫料替代化肥对稻麦轮作体系作物产量、土壤肥力以及重金属的影响.结果表明,在水稻季施氮量300 kg/hm2条件下,熟化垫料替代处理的产量达到单施化肥处理的产量.不同处理间小麦产量差异极显著,随熟化垫料替代量增加,小麦产量表现出先增加后降低的趋势,1/2DL处理的小麦产量最高.稻麦轮作三季后,熟化垫料替代氮素化肥处理耕层0～20 cm土壤全氮含量、有机质含量、pH值均表现出先增加后降低的趋势,3/4DL处理最高,而磷含量及电导率则呈线性增加趋势.稻麦轮作三季后,耕层0～20 cm土壤铜、锌总含量均高于试验前土壤铜、锌总含量,各处理铜、锌、镉、砷、铅等指标均在土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(GB 15618-2018)范围内.稻麦轮作三季后,土壤内有效态铜、锌、镉、铅含量均高于试验前土壤,砷则相反.对于施肥处理,土壤内有效态铜、锌含量随熟化垫料施用量增加而增加,有效态铅含量则随垫料用量增加而降低,不同处理间有效态镉含量差异不显著.